Humming Talkers

This passage explores how llamas communicate using sounds, body language, and scents. Humming is their main sound, used to express curiosity, comfort, or warning. They also use ear positions and posture to signal emotions or dominance. Llamas have scent glands on their legs for marking territory and maintaining social boundaries.

Students learn about nonverbal and sensory communication in animals. The passage reinforces vocabulary, cause-and-effect understanding, and reading for details. It also encourages empathy and awareness of animal behavior.